The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima
نویسندگان
چکیده
Investigations on juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) revealed several physiological changes associated with downstream migration. Plasma chloride decreased 20% in wild juvenile shad during the autumn migration. Migrants had lower condition factor and hematocrit than non-migrant shad captured by beach seining. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of migrant shad was higher than non-migrant; a 2.5-fold increase was observed in 1993, while a 57% increase was observed in 1994. Similar changes were observed in laboratory studies of shad maintained in fresh water under simulated natural temperature and photoperiod. Plasma chloride dropped 68% and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased 3-fold over a 3-month period. Decreased plasma chloride was associated with increased mortality. Increases in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity decreases in plasma chloride and osmolality, and incidence of mortality were delayed and moderated, but not eliminated, in shad maintained at constant temperature (24°C). Shad did not survive in fresh water past December regardless of temperature regime. In seawater, all shad survived and showed no perturbation of plasma chloride at 24°C or simulated natural temperature (above 4°C). The decline in hyperosmoregulatory ability, as influenced by declining temperatures, may serve as a proximate cue for autumnal migration. Résumé : Des études portant sur l’alose savoureuse (Alosa sapidissima) à l’état juvénile ont révélé la présence de plusieurs changements physiologiques associés à la migration vers la mer. La teneur plasmatique en chlorures a diminué de 20 % chez les aloses juvéniles sauvages durant la migration automnale. Les poissons migrants présentaient un coefficient de condition et un hématocrite moins élevés que les poissons non migrants capturés à la senne de plage. L’activité de Na+,K+-ATPase dans les branchies était plus élevée chez les aloses migratrices que chez les sédentaires; un accroissement de 2,5 fois a été observé en 1993 et une augmentation de 57 % l’année suivante. Des changements semblables ont été observés lors d’études de laboratoire portant sur des aloses maintenues en eau douce, avec simulation de la température et de la photopériode du milieu naturel. La teneur plasmatique en chlorures a chuté de 68 % et l’activité de la Na+,K+-ATPase dans les branchies a augmenté de trois fois au cours d’une période de 3 mois. Une diminution de la teneur plasmatique en chlorures a été associée à un accroissement de la mortalité. Des augmentations de l’activité de Na+,K+-ATPase dans les branchies, des diminutions de la teneur plasmatique en chlorures et de l’osmolalité, ainsi que l’incidence de la mortalité, ont été retardées et limitées, mais pas éliminées chez les aloses maintenues à température constante de 24°C. Les aloses n’ont pas survécu en eau douce après décembre, peu importe le régime thermique maintenu. En eau salée, toutes les aloses ont survécu, et leur teneur plasmatique en chlorures n’a présenté aucune perturbation à 24°C ou à une température naturelle simulée (supérieure à 4°C). Le déclin de la capacité hyperosmorégulatoire, liée à une diminution des températures, pourrait constituer un indice immédiat du début de la migration automnale. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
Developmental and environmental regulation of chloride cells in young American shad, Alosa sapidissima.
Location, abundance, and morphology of gill chloride cells were quantified during changes in osmoregulatory physiology accompanying early development in American shad, Alosa sapidissima. During the larval-juvenile transition of shad, gill chloride cells increased 3.5-fold in abundance coincident with gill formation, increased seawater tolerance, and increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Chlorid...
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